An episiotomy is a surgical incision through the perineum, which is the area between the vagina and anus. An episiotomy enlarges the vagina during childbirth. Previously, this incision was a routine procedure in childbirth. However, current research indicates that most episiotomies are not necessary and may lead to more complications than they are intended to prevent. For example, episiotomies can lead to weakened pelvic floor muscles and anal incontinence. Despite current research, episiotomies are still one of the most common medical procedures performed on women.